Yes, I expect that if you have only 8 cores licensed and the software runs on a computer with 16 cores then Tableau would consider that non-compliant.
Information about Tableau licensing that may be relevant to your situation can be found on the following page: https://help.tableau.com/current/server/en-us/license_product_keys.htm
This states (in part):
"A core-based license [...] specifies the maximum number of computer cores on which you can run Tableau Server. You can install Tableau Server on a single computer or across multiple computers as a multi-node cluster, as long as the total number of cores in all the computers does not exceed the total number that the license allows."
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